Outline of Lessonĭiscussion of Homework (do as much as time allows) It interacts with specific protein machinery to transcribe the mRNA sequence into amino acid chains that fold into proteins.Ĭell fate decision: the product of differential gene expression, a cell fate decision describes how exposure of stem cells to different external or internal environments can activate transcription/translation of different genes or sets of genes, producing multiple, specific end-stage phenotypes.įor more information, see Teacher Background Information 2 and Teacher Background Information 3 from CIRM model stem cell curriculum Unit 2 and Unit 3. The product of transcription, mRNA, travels out of the nucleus. This process begins with a signal, initiating transcription of a gene. Gene expression: the cellular process of creating a protein, instructed by the sequence of DNA contained within a gene. Even though all cells have the same genotype, a stem cell can differentiate down a certain lineage (phenotype) based on the specific signals it encounters. Through these activities and the homework assignment, students will learn about genotype and phenotype in the context of stem cell differentiation. ![]() They translate and transcribe their particular gene target, causing differentiation into either a red or white blood cell. In this exercise, “From Genotypes to Phenotypes,” students are given one of two environmental signals that act on blood progenitor cells. To apply the concepts of transcription and translation to cellular differentiation, students can simulate differential gene expression using free research software called Another Plasmid Editor. Using an online interactive simulation, students can practice transcribing and translating a gene down to the level of nucleic acid pairing and amino acid assembly. View the standards that apply to this unit.īy viewing animations lacking narration and coming up with explanations, students can visualize and review the molecular processes of transcription and translation. It addresses the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) Performance Expectations HS-LS3-1 and HS-LS1-1. These activities tie previous knowledge to gene expression and stem cell differentiation. ![]() Ideally, students should approach this lesson with a solid grasp of transcription and translation. Advanced: How Does a Stem Cell “Know” What to Become? Overview
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